, celebrated on January 30 in both the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic traditions, honors three prominent saints who are highly regarded for their theological contributions and impact on the early Church. These three saints are:
- St. Basil the Great (c. 329–379)
- St. Gregory the Theologian (Nazianzus) (c. 329–389)
- St. John Chrysostom (c. 349–407)
Who They Are
- St. Basil the Great was a bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia (modern-day Turkey) and one of the most important figures in early Christian monasticism and theology. He is known for his defense of the Nicene Creed against Arianism, his contributions to the development of Christian monastic communities, and his writings on Christian doctrine, especially regarding the nature of the Trinity.
- St. Gregory the Theologian (also known as Gregory Nazianzus) was a bishop and theologian who was instrumental in the development of early Christian doctrine, particularly concerning the Holy Trinity. He is known for his eloquent speeches and writings, and his theological contributions helped to clarify and articulate the Nicene faith, especially in combating Arianism.
- St. John Chrysostom was the Archbishop of Constantinople and one of the most famous preachers in Christian history. He is remembered for his eloquent sermons (hence the name “Chrysostom,” meaning “golden-mouthed”) and his efforts to reform the Church and society. He also worked to explain and defend Christian teachings, especially in the context of the Church’s relationship with society and the state.
Why the Feast is Important in Eastern Tradition
In both Eastern Orthodoxy and Eastern Catholicism, the Feast of the Three Hierarchs is important for several reasons:
- Theological Unity: These three saints are often seen as a theological “trinity” of great early Church fathers. Their writings and teachings were crucial in the formation of Christian orthodoxy, especially with respect to the nature of the Trinity and the defense of Nicene Christianity. By celebrating their feast together, the Church emphasizes the unity of their contributions to the Church’s theology.
- Model of Christian Life: Each of the Three Hierarchs exemplified virtues of holiness, theological wisdom, and pastoral care. Their lives are seen as models for Christian living, and they are revered not only for their doctrinal teachings but also for their personal sanctity and dedication to the faith.
- Defenders of Orthodoxy: The Three Hierarchs were staunch defenders of Nicene orthodoxy, especially against Arianism and other heretical views that threatened the early Church. Their writings helped clarify key theological concepts, particularly concerning the divinity of Christ and the doctrine of the Trinity. By celebrating their feast, the Church affirms the importance of maintaining sound doctrine.
- Ecumenical Significance: The feast day also highlights the ecumenical nature of the Church, as the Three Hierarchs were influential in both the East and West, despite certain differences in liturgical practices. The celebration of these figures in both Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic traditions fosters a sense of shared heritage and unity across different branches of Christianity.
- Liturgical Harmony: In the liturgy, the celebration of their feast often includes special hymns and prayers that highlight their contributions to the faith. The Church honors them as one, rather than separately, emphasizing their collective impact on Christian theology.
In summary, the Feast of the Three Hierarchs celebrates not only the theological and pastoral contributions of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory the Theologian, and St. John Chrysostom but also the unity and continuity of Orthodox Christian tradition, both in terms of doctrine and in their shared legacy of faith, holiness, and preaching.
