The Stations of the Cross and Panahyda – “Хресна Дорога” and Панахида

Both “Хресна Дорога” and “панахида” are important liturgical terms in the Ukrainian Catholic Church (and in other Eastern Christian traditions), but they refer to two very different things:

1. Хресна Дорога (Khresna Doroha) – Way of the Cross:

As we discussed earlier, “Хресна Дорога” refers to the Way of the Cross, a devotion that commemorates the Passion of Jesus Christ. This devotion involves reflecting on the 14 stations of Christ’s journey to His crucifixion and is especially prominent during Lent and Good Friday.

• The devotion involves walking from station to station, meditating on different aspects of Christ’s suffering and death.
• It is observed in many Ukrainian Catholic parishes, particularly during Lent and Holy Week.

2. Панахида (Panakhyda) – Funeral Service / Memorial Service:

“Панахида” (pronounced Panakhyda) is the name for the memorial service in the Eastern Christian tradition, including the Ukrainian Catholic Church. It is a service of prayer for the souls of the deceased, asking for God’s mercy and peace for them.

• Panakhyda is typically celebrated on the third, ninth, and fortieth day after death, as well as on the anniversary of death or during special memorial days.
• It can also be part of the funeral rites or observed for individuals during the great feasts (like Pascha) as a way to remember and pray for the souls of the departed.
• The service includes prayers for the repose of the soul, including parts from the Divine Liturgy and special memorial prayers for the deceased.

Key Differences:

• Хресна Дорога (Way of the Cross) focuses on the Passion of Christ, specifically His journey to the Cross and His suffering.
• Панахида (Panakhyda) is a memorial service for the deceased, offering prayers for those who have passed away.

Both are important parts of the liturgical life in the Ukrainian Catholic Church but serve very different purposes in the life of the Church and the faithful.

The Stations of the Cross (also called the Way of the Cross) is a Catholic devotional practice that commemorates the final journey of Jesus Christ as He moves toward His crucifixion, focusing on the significant events of His Passion. This practice involves meditating on 14 specific events, or “stations,” that take place during Christ’s journey from His condemnation to His burial.

General Overview of the Stations of the Cross:

The traditional 14 Stations are as follows:

1. Jesus is condemned to death.
2. Jesus takes up His Cross.
3. Jesus falls the first time.
4. Jesus meets His Blessed Mother.
5. Simon of Cyrene helps Jesus carry the Cross.
6. Veronica wipes Jesus’ face.
7. Jesus falls a second time.
8. Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem.
9. Jesus falls a third time.
10. Jesus is stripped of His clothes.
11. Jesus is nailed to the Cross.
12. Jesus dies on the Cross.
13. Jesus’ body is taken down from the Cross and placed in the arms of His Blessed Mother.
14. Jesus is laid in the tomb.

The Stations are often depicted through images or sculptures placed along the walls of a church or outside in a designated area (such as a courtyard or garden). Devotees walk to each station, pausing to reflect and pray at each one, usually with a short prayer or meditation associated with that particular moment in Christ’s Passion.

The Stations of the Cross in the Ukrainian Catholic Church:

The Ukrainian Catholic Church, which follows the Byzantine Rite and is in communion with the Roman Catholic Church, participates in the devotion of the Stations of the Cross, but there are some nuances in how the practice may be observed, in comparison to the Roman Catholic Church.

1. Liturgical Differences:

   • The Ukrainian Catholic Church does not typically have the same level of prominence or widespread use of the Stations of the Cross as in the Latin (Roman) Rite. However, this devotion is still observed in many Ukrainian Catholic parishes, particularly during Lent and Holy Week (especially on Good Friday).
   • The Ukrainian Catholic Church often incorporates the Byzantine Rite liturgical practices, which can include a more communal, chant-based prayer style, and some differences in the arrangement and content of meditations.

2. Alternative Devotions in the Byzantine Tradition: While the Stations of the Cross is present in the Ukrainian Catholic Church, it may sometimes be complemented or replaced by other Lenten devotions, such as the Great Canon of St. Andrew of Crete, which is used during Great Lent in the Byzantine Rite. This penitential prayer is long and meditative, encouraging reflection on repentance and salvation through the lens of Christ’s suffering.

3. Byzantine Influence:

   • In some cases, the Ukrainian Catholic Church may have Byzantine-style variations on the Stations of the Cross. For example, a similar practice might be the Way of the Cross with prayers in Ukrainian, but the meditations could reflect a more Eastern Christian understanding of Christ’s Passion.
   • In some Ukrainian Catholic parishes, particularly in areas with a strong Eastern Christian cultural influence, the iconography of the Stations of the Cross may differ in style, with the scenes depicted in a manner that reflects the rich Byzantine iconographic tradition rather than the Western art style commonly found in Roman Catholic churches.

4. Focus on the Cross and Passion:

   • While the Roman Catholic Church uses specific stations to focus on Christ’s Passion, the Ukrainian Catholic Church, in the context of the Byzantine Rite, also places significant emphasis on the Paschal Mystery — Christ’s suffering, death, and resurrection. Thus, the Lenten devotions might emphasize the cross and Christ’s suffering, but in a way that highlights the Eastern Christian liturgical approach to the Passion narrative.

5. Good Friday Observance: On Good Friday, Ukrainian Catholics typically observe the Holy Friday services, including the Vespers with the Procession of the Holy Shroud, which is a significant ritual focusing on the death and burial of Christ. In some parishes, the Stations of the Cross may be integrated into these services or observed before or after the main liturgical celebrations.

Conclusion:

In short, while the Stations of the Cross is a well-known devotion in the Ukrainian Catholic Church, it might differ somewhat from the Roman Catholic approach due to the distinct liturgical traditions of the Byzantine Rite. The Ukrainian Catholic Church, like other Eastern Catholic and Orthodox Churches, may not emphasize the Stations of the Cross in the same way that the Latin Rite does, but it certainly participates in Lenten devotions that focus on the Passion and suffering of Christ, often with an Eastern Christian liturgical style and approach.